HW#8

THINK THROUGH HISTORY 'clarifying' question on page 551:

According to Hobbes, people should live under a strong, absolute monarch so there would be more control over the people. They would obey rules more often.

SKILL BUILDER questions (1&2) on page 554

1. John Locke had the idea for natural rights - life, liberty, and property, which was important for the Declaration of Independence. The U.S Bill of Rights contains Voltaire's idea of freedom of expression and Baccaria's abolishment of torture idea.

2. In my opinion, I think the abolishment of torture and separation of powers are the most important ideas. Torture is what harms humans a lot. It is pain and suffering, two things that no one wants. The separation of powers is great because it keeps each branch of the government separated so one won't be too powerful.

Questions 1 & 3 ONLY on page 556:

1. TERMS AND NAMES
Enlightenment - The Age of Reasoning, created based on ideas of the scientific revolution.
Social Contract - an agreement in which people live by law and order from a stronger ruler.
John Locke - A politician and philosopher who believed that everyone can live free and with equal rights.
Natural rights - John Locke's idea that people are born equally with life, liberty, and property.
Philosophe - The social critics of the Enlightenment of France.
Voltaire - A philosophe who created the ideas of freedom of thought, expression, and religion.
Montesquieu - An influential French writer that called the division of power among different branches, separation of powers.
Jean Jacques Rousseau - A philosophe who believed that humans were all born free but by becoming civilized, the freedom was destroyed.
Mary Wollstonecraft - A woman who fought for women's rights and equality.

3. SYNTHESIZING

"Power should be a check to power."
This was by Montesquieu. It means that each branch of government will help each other, and check each others' ideas to form a final decision.

"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains."
This was by Rousseau. It means that everyone was born free and equal, but being civilized caused people to realize strengths and weaknesses. Stronger people started to rule.

"Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men."
This quote was obviously by Mary Wollstonecraft. It means that women can be just as virtuous and useful as men if they received the same education and same rights.